ارز دیجیتال چیست؟
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ارز دیجیتال یا رمزارز نوعی پول مجازی است که از فناوری رمزنگاری در طراحی آن استفاده شده و معمولاً به صورت غیرمتمرکز و در بستر شبکه بلاک چین اداره میشود.
به گزارش بازار، ارز دیجیتال یا رمزارز نوعی پول مجازی است که از فناوری رمزنگاری در طراحی آن استفاده شده و معمولاً به صورت غیرمتمرکز و در بستر شبکه بلاک چین اداره میشود. رمزارزها میتوانند مانند سایر ارزهای فیات (بدون پشتوانه) قابلیت مبادله، انجام تراکنش، خرید آنلاین و … داشته باشند. بیت کوین، اتریوم، لایت کوین، بایت کوین، بیت کوین کش، ریپل، مونرو، استلار، ورج و دیگر آلت کوین ها انواع رمز ارز هستند. در ادامه به تعریف اصطلاحات اولیه و پایه ای این نوع ارز اشاره خواهیم نمود.
غیر متمرکز :
به معنی خرید و فروش به صورت مستقیم و بدون واسطه می باشد، در واقع برخلاف دیگر ارز ها که انتقال آن ها تحت نظر سازمان خاصی می باشد و نیاز به واسطه هایی مثل بانک، کارت اعتباری و… و. است، برای مبادله این نوع ارز به هیچ واسطه ای نیاز نمی باشد و خریدار و فروشنده به صورت مستقیم ارز مورد نظر را برای یکدیگر منتقل می کنند و تنها با استفاده از رمز های خود پول را دریافت می کنند.
شبکه بلاک چین ( Blockchain ) :
شبکه بلاک چین یک بستر بسیار گسترده برای تبادل ارز های دیجیتال می باشد و متشکل از صد ها بلاک می باشد که به وسیله هَش به یکدیگر متصل شده اند، در واقع می توان بلاک چین را مانند یک دفتر کل تصور کرد که تمام مبادلات انجام شده مربوط به ارز های دیجیتالی در آن ثبت می شود.
بلاک :
بلاک چین در واقع از میلیون ها بلاک تشکیل شده است و هر بلاک شامل تعداد بسیار زیادی معامله ارز دیجیتال می باشد که این معاملات با هَش به یکدیگر متصل شده اند، همچنین هر کدام از این بلاک ها نیز خود با هَش به یکدیگر متصل شده اند و تغییر در اطلاعات هر کدام از آن ها باعث تغییر در کل ساختار شبکه بلاک چین شده به همین دلیل امکان تقلب و کلاهبرداری و یا انجام معاملات تکراری مربوط به این نوع ارز ها بسیار پایین می باشد.
هَش ( Hash Function ) :
وقتی یک تبادل ارز دیجیتال بین دو شخص صورت می گیرد پس از تایید شدن اطلاعات توسط ماینر و انجام معامله مربوطه، تاریخ انجام آن و همه اطلاعات مربوط به آن رمز نگاری شده و در نهایت به صورت یک کد در شبکه بلاک چین ثبت می شود. پس از ثبت شدن این کد دیگر اجازه دسترسی به اطلاعات آن و یا تغییر این اطلاعات وجود ندارد که این باعث بالا رفتن امنیت این نوع معاملات و نفوذ ناپذیری تقریبی آن ها می شود.
در حقیقت هَش هر بلوک اطلاعاتی را به بلوک اطلاعاتی قبلی خود مرتبط می سازد که در این حالت هر بلاک شامل هَش اطلاعات موجود در خود و هَش اطلاعات بلاک قبل از خود می باشد.
ماینر ( miner ) :
معاملات ارز های دیجیتال نیاز به هیچ گونه واسطه یا نفر سومی برای نظارت و تایید روند انجام آن وجود ندارد، اما در نهایت نیاز به منبعی برای تایید صحت اطلاعات وارد شده و راستی آزمایی دو طرف معامله دیجیتالی انکار ناپذیر است. در این حالت اشخاصی به صورت داوطلبانه وظیفه انجام این کار و بررسی کردن ( verify ) تمامی اطلاعات ثبت شده در معاملات را بر عهده می گیرند
حقیقت ماینر ها با استفاده از دستگاه ماینر و با بررسی تمامی اطلاعات مربوط به یک معامله و تایید آن ها باعث ثبت شدن معاملات در بلاک چین می شوند.
هر ماینر به دلیل حجم بسیار بالای اطلاعاتی که در هر معامله وجود دارد و زمان بر بودن فرایند تایید اطلاعات، تنها تعداد محدودی معامله را می تواند صحت سنجی یا به اصطلاح وریفای کند. پس از این که تعداد معاملات ثبت شده در هر بلاک به مقدار مشخصی رسید یک بلاک جدید در شبکه بلاک چین ثبت می شود. هر ماینری که بتواند زودتر به مقدار مورد نظر و در نتیجه ایجاد بلاک جدید برسد مقدار مشخصی دستمزد به خاطر ایجاد بلاک جدید دریافت خواهد کرد.
کیف پول ارز دیجیتال ( wallet ) :
والت یا کیف پول ارز دیجیتال در واقع درست مثل کیف پول شخصی ما در دنیای واقعی عمل کرده و یک نرم افزار است که مانند یک پایگاه داده عمل کرده و شامل تمامی کد رمز های شخصی و عمومی کاربران می باشد. و بلاک چین های مختلف را به یکدیگر مرتبط می سازد و با آن ها در ارتباط است تا کاربران بتوانند معاملات خود را انجام دهند.
![](https://academychartkhani.ir/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/bitcoin-digital-wallet.jpg)
نود ( Node ) :
در واقع دستگاه هایی هستند که به شبکه وصل شده و وظیفه ثبت تاریخ انجام معاملاتی ارز های دیجیتال که در آن اتفاق می افتد را به عهده دارند و این داده ها را در هارد های خود ذخیره و نگهداری می کنند.
معروفترین ارزهای دیجیتال
تاکنون که حدود ۱۰ سال از زمان پیدایش ارزهای دیجیتال میگذرد، بیش از ۲۰۰۰ ارز دیجیتالی به بازار عرضه شده است. که اغلب آنها از دور خارج شدهاند. اما در اینجا تصمیم داریم ارزهای دیجیتال معتبری که همچنان به فعالیت خود ادامه داده و جزو بهترینها هستند را به شما معرفی کنیم.
![](https://academychartkhani.ir/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ac-image-wr1591812475hz-1024x732.jpeg)
بیت کوین
میتوان گفت که بیت کوین قدیمیترین و معروفترین ارز دیجیتال است. این ارز، ۱۰ سال پیش توسط ساتوشی ناکاموتو ایجاد شد. در حال حاضر، این ارز جایگاه نخست را در بین ارزهای دیجیتالی دارد.
اتریوم
ارز دیجیتال اتریوم، توسط ویتالیک بوترین عرضه شد. ظهور اتریوم از ابتدا با ایدههای نوآورانهای همراه بود. نام ارز این پلتفرم، اتر است. برای ساخت توکن، از اتریوم استفاده میشود.
ریپل
ریپل یک پلتفرم متنباز است و از آن برای تراکنشهای سریع و ارزان استفاده میشود. نام کوین ریپل، اکسآرپی است و روی توسعهی سیستم پرداختی خود و همکاری با بانکها تمرکز دارد. این ارز دیجیتال، از پولهای رایج در شبکهی خود پشتیبانی میکند.
لایت کوین
با انجام تغییراتی بر روی کدهای بیت کوین و به منظور پرداختهای سریعتر، ساخته شده است. لایت کوین توسط چارلی لی عرضه شده است. این ارز دیجیتالی که جزو قدیمیترین آلت کوینها محسوب میشود، به نام نقرهی دیجیتالی نیز شناخته میشود.
مطالب زیر را حتما مطالعه کنید
مدیریت سرمایه چیست؟
مدیریت سرمایه چیست؟
بک تست برای متاتریدر۴
ژورنال معاملاتی استاد رئیسی
تمپلت استاد جواد رئیسی
آربیتراژ چیست؟
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