مفهوم پیپ , حجم , لات
به منظور معامله در بازار فارکس، آشنایی با اصول پایه ای و اولیه ضروری است که یکی از این اصول، پیپ است. به عدد 0.0001 یک قیمت، پیپ می گویند. درواقع به میزان 0.01 از یک درصد، پیپ می گویند.
مثلا برای قیمت جفت ارز یورو دلار که 1.1317 هست، عدد 0.0001 برابر با عدد ۷ می شود. یا زمانی که قیمت دلار برابر با 1280.25 دلار باشد، عدد 0.1 پیپ است.
کاربرد پیپ
میزان حرکت قیمت در بازارهای مالی، براساس دلار، یورو و غیره نیست. به دلیل وجود دارایی های زیاد با ارزهای پایه، پیپ مورداستفاده قرار می گیرد. به عنوان مثال، با جابجا شدن طلا به مقدار 10 دلار، درواقع 100 پیپ جابجا می شود.
پیپ مبدا تمام معاملات در بازارهای مالی است و نقشی بسیار حیاتی ایفا می کند. با مفهوم پیپ متوجه می شویم چند پیپ سود کرده و چه میزان از بازار نوسان دریافت کردیم. اما به منظور محاسبه مقدار سود و زیان، تنها نمی توان از پیپ استفاده کرده و معامله انجام داد. در این میان، مفهوم دیگری به نام حجم مطرح می شود.
مفهوم حجم
برای خرید هر چیزی، نیاز به محاسبه حجم آن داریم. مثلا برای خرید طلا، مثلا 100 «اونس» طلا می خریم. برای نفت، از «بشکه» و برای گندم از واژه «گونی» استفاده می کنیم. برای سهام هر شرکت، نام آن شرکت ذکر می شود. مثلا برای سهام اپل، می گوییم مثلا 1000 عدد سهام اپل خریدیم.
فرض کنید وارد بازار شده و تصمیم دارید به قیمت 130 سهام اپل خریداری کنیم. این قیمت سهام است. ما نیاز به حجم داریم. یا برای خرید طلا، مثلا در قیمت 1300 طلا خریداری کنیم. قیمت اونس طلا براساس دلار است، یعنی هر انس برابر 1300 دلار است. در این حالت، با تعیین کنیم چند اونس طلا قصد داریم معامله کنیم. برای تعیین حجم ها، سراغ مفهوم دیگری به نام لات می رویم.
مفهوم لات
لات معیاری در بازارهای مالی است که در هنگام خرید بکار می رود. قراردادی استانداردسازی شده است که تعداد و میزان یک کالا را مشخص می کند. مثلا در بازارهای مالی نباید بگوید 10 اونس طلا یا 10 بشکه نفت خریداری کردید. درعوض، باید بگویید چند لات خریداری کردید. لات در تمام معاملات، مرجع عددی است. مثلا هر 100 اونس طلا می شود یک لات، یا هر 1000 بشکه نفت برابر با یک لات است.
در بازار فارکس ، هر لات برابر با 100000 است. واحد این صدهزار نیز متغیر است. مثلا در پلت فرم معاملاتی خود، اگر تصمیم به خرید جفت ارز یورو به دلار دارید، حجم یک لات انتخاب می شود.
هر یک لات از یورو به دلار برابر با خرید صدهزار یورو است، به عبارتی:
lot EUR USD>>>> 100000EUR 1
هر یک لات در یورو به پوند برابر با صدهزاز یورو، یعنی:
lot EUR GBP>>>> 100000EUR 1
هر یک لات در پوند به دلار برابر با صدهزار پوند، یعنی:
lot GBP USD>>>> 100000GBP 1
هر یک دلار آمریکا با دلار کانادا برابر با صدهزار دلار آمریکا است، یعنی:
lot USD CAD>>>> 100000 USD 1
درواقع، قاعده کلی در بازار فارکس این است که: هر یک لات از یک ارز، با صدهزار تا از ارز پایه برابر است. قسمت اول یک جفت ارز، ارز پایه نامیده می شود.
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